Vacuum circuit breakers are named for having a high vacuum as both the arc extinguishing medium and the insulating medium in the gap between contacts after arc extinguishing. They have advantages such as fast arc extinguishing, small size, light weight, suitability for frequent operations, and no need for maintenance for arc extinguishing, making them widely used in distribution networks.
Vacuum circuit breakers are indoor distribution devices in 3～10kV, 50Hz three-phase AC systems and are used for protecting and controlling electrical equipment in industrial and mining enterprises, power plants, and substations. They are particularly suitable for places that require oil-free, low-maintenance, and frequent operations. The circuit breaker can be configured in central cabinets, double-layer cabinets, and fixed cabinets to control and protect high-voltage electrical equipment. Below, we introduce the working principle and operational procedures of vacuum circuit breakers.
The working principle of vacuum circuit breakers is mainly based on the arc extinguishing characteristics in a vacuum environment. The basic working process is as follows:
Structure
Inside a vacuum circuit breaker, there is a vacuum chamber containing electrodes, usually made of copper or aluminum.
Closing
When a closing signal is issued, the mechanical device of the breaker drives the electrodes to contact, forming a closed circuit, and current begins to flow.
Opening
When it is necessary to cut off the current, the opening signal causes the electrodes to separate, starting to form an arc. In a vacuum, the arc forms quickly, but due to the low pressure in the vacuum environment, the arc energy dissipates rapidly.
Arc Extinguishing
The ions and heat generated by the arc in the vacuum are quickly absorbed by the electrodes, resulting in a rapid drop in current, eventually reaching zero, completing arc extinguishing.
Insulation Recovery
After the arc is extinguished, the surface of the electrodes inside the vacuum chamber can quickly restore insulation, ensuring normal operation the next time it closes.
The operation of vacuum circuit breakers typically include the following steps:
Power Preparation
Ensure that the circuit breaker is connected to the power source, checking electrical connections and grounding conditions.
Control Signal
Issue the closing or opening control signal as needed, typically by an automated system or a manual operation panel.
Closing
When operating the button or switch, the closing mechanism of the breaker will close the contactor, allowing current to pass through.
Opening
When it is necessary to cut off the current, send the opening signal, and the breaker will quickly open the contactor, cutting off the circuit.
Status Indication
Observe the indicator lights or instruments to confirm the working status of the breaker.
Ensure safety during operation and that the vacuum circuit breaker equipment is in an appropriate working environment.
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